RESUMO
BACKGROUND: This research embarked on a crucial endeavor to clarify the connection between levels of CD166 expression and the established Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) grading system. Through a comprehensive exploration of this correlation, the objective was to ascertain if CD166 could function as an additional biomarker, enhancing the predictive effectiveness of the BI-RADS classification. METHOD: This prospective observational study involved 81 women with histopathologically confirmed early breast tumors and 81 radiologically confirmed healthy breast volunteers. The BI-RADS scores of all the participants included in the study were recorded. Before starting treatment, serum, saliva, and urine samples were collected. The CD166 levels were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The study involved the analysis and comparison of the mean and standard deviations of CD166 expression in serum, saliva, and urine across various BI-RADS categories. Notably, statistically significant differentiation was found (p=0.00) across all samples spanning the spectrum of BI-RADS categories. CONCLUSION: A progressive rise in CD166 concentration coincides with the increasing gradient of the BI-RADS category, implying a possible link between CD166 and breast cancer progression and severity.
RESUMO
Background This study aimed to assess the readiness toward flipped learning (FL) among novice nursing students in fundamental nursing care in Puducherry, South India. Methodology A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 176 first-year B.Sc. Nursing students from three private nursing colleges by purposive sampling technique. In theory and practical classes, the students were taught fundamental nursing procedures such as oral medication, intramuscular injection, peripheral intravenous cannulation, and nasogastric tube feeding as FL. The study was conducted from November 2021 to March 2022. The responses were collected using the Nursing Students' Readiness for Flipped Classroom (NSR-FC) scale with four domains such as personal, technological, environmental, and pedagogical readiness. Pearson correlation and chi-square tests were used to analyze data by incorporating IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results Among 176 nursing students, 73.9% were aged between 17 and 19 years, the majority (76.7%) were females, and 98% of them used mobile phones to access online FL content. Of the novice nursing students, 69.88% agreed, 27.84% strongly agreed, and 2.27% were in a neutral state for readiness to adopt FL in their nursing curriculum with a mean (standard deviation, SD) value of 77.02 (6.27). Among the four domains of readiness, a positive correlation was found between personal with technological readiness (P = 0.001; r = 0.446) and pedagogical with personal readiness (P = 0.003; r = 0.223). Statistically, a significant association was found between students' readiness toward FL with the occupation of the head of the family, gadgets used to access the FL materials, and Wi-Fi/internet availability in the institutions with a P-value <0.05. Conclusions The study showed highly positive readiness for FL among nursing students in nursing subjects. It can be leveraged with educational institutions' environmental and technological support by properly utilizing mobile devices, computer laboratories, and access to the internet/Wi-Fi for students from their entry level to enhance FL.
